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NEET Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification

NEET Biology Chapter 2

Biological Classification 

          Since the dawn of civilisation, there have been many attempts to classify living organisms. it was done instinctively not using criteria that were scientific but borne out of a need to use organisms for our own use organisms for our own use for food shelter and clothing. Aristotle was the earliest to attempt a more scientific basis for classification. He used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs. He also divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not.

          In Linnaeus time a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants and animals respectively. This system was used till recently. This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes. unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae) and non photosynthetic (fungi) organisms. Classification of organisms into plants and animals was easily done and was easy to understand but a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found inadequate. A need was also felt for including , besides gross morphology. Other characteristics like cell structure, nature of wall, mode of nutrition, habitat, methods of reproduction, evolutionary relationship..  Classification systems for the living organisms have hence, undergone several changes over time. though plant and animals kingdoms have been a constant under all different systems, the understanding of what groups/ organisms be included under the kingdoms have been changing the number and nature of other kingdoms have also been understood differently by different scientists over time

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